Floating Solar Photovoltaics (FSPV) ni tekinoroji aho amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (PV) ashyirwa hejuru y’amazi, ubusanzwe akoreshwa mu biyaga, mu bigega, mu nyanja, no mu yandi mazi y’amazi. Mugihe isi ikeneye ingufu zisukuye zikomeje kwiyongera, izuba rireremba riragenda ryitabwaho nkuburyo bushya bwingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Ibikurikira nisesengura ryiterambere ryingufu zizuba zireremba nibyiza byingenzi:
1. Amahirwe y'iterambere
a) Kwiyongera kw'isoko
Isoko ry’izuba rireremba riratera imbere byihuse, cyane cyane mu turere tumwe na tumwe aho umutungo w’ubutaka uba muke, nka Aziya, Uburayi na Amerika. Biteganijwe ko ingufu z'izuba zireremba ku isi ziteganijwe kwiyongera cyane mu myaka iri imbere. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku isoko bubitangaza, isoko ry’isi yose y’ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyari y'amadorari mu 2027. Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, Ubuhinde ndetse n'ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya byatangiye gukoresha iryo koranabuhanga kandi ryakoze imishinga myinshi yo kwerekana ku mazi yabigenewe.
b) Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga
Hamwe no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kugabanya ibiciro, izuba rireremba ryateguwe kugirango rirusheho kugenda neza, kandi amafaranga yo kuyashyiraho no kuyitaho yagabanutse buhoro buhoro. Igishushanyo mbonera kireremba hejuru y’amazi nacyo gikunda gutandukana, bikazamura umutekano no kwizerwa bya sisitemu. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu hamwe na tekinoroji ya gride itanga amahirwe menshi yo kurushaho guteza imbere izuba rireremba.
c) Inkunga ya Politiki
Ibihugu byinshi n’uturere bitanga inkunga ya politiki mu iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, cyane cyane ku buryo bw’ingufu zisukuye nk’umuyaga n’izuba. Imirasire y'izuba ireremba, kubera ibyiza byayo bidasanzwe, yitabiriwe na guverinoma n'inganda, kandi inkunga zijyanye nayo, inkunga ndetse n'inkunga ya politiki bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, bitanga ingwate ikomeye yo guteza imbere iryo koranabuhanga.
d) Porogaramu yangiza ibidukikije
Imirasire y'izuba ireremba irashobora gushyirwaho hejuru y’amazi idafashe igice kinini cy’ubutaka, gitanga igisubizo cyiza ku turere dufite ubutaka bukomeye. Irashobora kandi guhuzwa no gucunga umutungo wamazi (urugero, ibigega no kuhira imyaka) kugirango tunoze imikoreshereze yingufu no guteza imbere impinduka zicyatsi kibisi.
2. Isesengura ryibyiza
a) Kuzigama umutungo wubutaka
Imirasire y'izuba gakondo yo ku isi isaba ubutunzi bwinshi bwubutaka, mugihe imirasire yizuba ireremba irashobora koherezwa hejuru y’amazi idatwaye umutungo wubutaka ufite agaciro. By'umwihariko mu turere tumwe na tumwe dufite amazi manini, nk'ibiyaga, amariba, ibyuzi by'imyanda, n'ibindi, ingufu z'izuba zireremba zishobora gukoresha neza uturere tutavuguruzanya n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka nk'ubuhinzi n'iterambere ry'umujyi.
b) Kunoza imikorere yamashanyarazi
Umucyo ugaragara hejuru y’amazi urashobora kongera urumuri kandi ukongerera ingufu ingufu za panne ya PV. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka zikonje zisanzwe zubuso bwamazi zirashobora gufasha module ya PV kugumana ubushyuhe buke, bikagabanya kugabanuka kwimikorere ya PV bitewe nubushyuhe bwinshi, bityo bikazamura imikorere rusange yububasha bwa sisitemu.
c) Kugabanya guhumeka amazi
Igice kinini cyizuba rireremba hejuru yubuso bwamazi kirashobora kugabanya neza guhumeka kwimibiri yamazi, cyane cyane kubice bidafite amazi. Cyane cyane mu bigega cyangwa kuhira imirima, izuba rireremba rifasha kubungabunga amazi.
d) Ingaruka nke ku bidukikije
Bitandukanye n'ingufu z'izuba ku isi, ingufu z'izuba zireremba zashyizwe hejuru y'amazi bitera guhungabana gake kubidukikije. Cyane cyane mumazi adakwiriye ubundi buryo bwiterambere, izuba rireremba ntabwo ryangiza cyane ibidukikije.
e) Guhindagurika
Izuba rireremba rirashobora guhuzwa nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga kugirango bongere imikoreshereze yuzuye yingufu. Kurugero, irashobora guhuzwa nimbaraga zumuyaga kumazi kugirango habeho sisitemu yingufu zongera imbaraga zokwizerwa no kwizerwa kubyara amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, hamwe na hamwe, ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba n’izindi nganda, nk'uburobyi cyangwa ubworozi bw'amafi, nazo zifite amahirwe menshi yo kwiteza imbere, zikora “ubukungu bw'ubururu” bw'inyungu nyinshi.
3. Ibibazo n'ibibazo
Nubwo hari ibyiza byinshi byo kureremba izuba, iterambere ryayo riracyafite ibibazo byinshi:
Ikoranabuhanga nigiciro: Nubwo ikiguzi cyingufu zizuba zireremba kigenda kigabanuka gahoro gahoro, iracyari hejuru kurenza iyindi mikorere yizuba gakondo yo ku isi, cyane cyane mumishinga minini. Ibindi bishya byikoranabuhanga birakenewe kugirango igabanye kubaka no gufata neza urubuga rureremba.
Imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije: Iterambere rirerire ry’izuba rireremba rigomba kugenzurwa ahantu hatandukanye h’amazi, cyane cyane kugira ngo duhangane n’ibibazo biterwa n’ibihe nk’ikirere gikabije, imivumba n’ubukonje.
Imikoreshereze y’amazi: Mu mazi amwe, iyubakwa ry’izuba rireremba rishobora guhangana n’ibindi bikorwa by’amazi nko kohereza no kuroba, kandi ni ikibazo cyukuntu wategura mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro kandi ugahuza ibikenewe by’inyungu zitandukanye.
Vuga muri make
Ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba, nk'uburyo bushya bw'ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, zifite amahirwe menshi yo kwiteza imbere, cyane cyane mu turere dufite ubutaka buke ndetse n'ikirere cyiza. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, inkunga ya politiki no kugenzura neza ingaruka z’ibidukikije, izuba rireremba bizana amahirwe menshi yiterambere mu myaka iri imbere. Muri gahunda yo guteza imbere ihinduka ry’icyatsi kibisi, ingufu zizuba zireremba zizagira uruhare runini mugutandukanya imiterere yingufu zisi niterambere rirambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-24-2025