Kubera ko isi igenda yiyongera ku mbaraga zishobora kongera ingufu, ikoranabuhanga rya Photovoltaque (izuba) ryakoreshejwe cyane nk'igice cy'ingufu zisukuye. Nuburyo bwo kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu ya PV kugirango tunoze ingufu mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho byabaye ikibazo cyingenzi kubashakashatsi naba injeniyeri. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekanye uburyo bwiza bwo kugorora no hejuru ya sisitemu yo hejuru ya PV, bitanga ibitekerezo bishya byo kuzamura ingufu za PV.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya sisitemu ya PV
Imikorere ya sisitemu yo hejuru ya PV yibasiwe nibintu byinshi, icyingenzi muri byo harimo inguni yimirasire yizuba, ubushyuhe bwibidukikije, inguni izamuka, nuburebure. Imiterere yumucyo mu turere dutandukanye, imihindagurikire y’ikirere, n’imiterere y’igisenge byose bigira ingaruka ku mashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ya PV. Muri ibyo bintu, inguni ihengamye hamwe n'uburebure bwo hejuru bwa panne ya PV ni ibintu bibiri bihinduka bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye kwakira neza no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.
Inguni nziza
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko inguni nziza ya sisitemu ya PV itaterwa gusa n’imiterere y’imiterere n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, ariko kandi ifitanye isano rya bugufi n’imiterere y’ikirere. Muri rusange, impande zigoramye za panne ya PV zigomba kuba hafi yuburinganire bwaho kugirango harebwe ingufu zituruka ku zuba. Inguni nziza irashobora guhindurwa muburyo bukurikije ibihe kugirango uhuze nu bihe bitandukanye byumucyo.
Gukwirakwiza neza mu cyi no mu itumba:
1. Mu mpeshyi, iyo izuba riri hafi ya zenith, impande zihengamye za panne ya PV zirashobora kumanurwa neza kugirango zifate neza izuba ryinshi.
2. Mu gihe cy'itumba, imfuruka y'izuba iri hasi, kandi mu buryo bukwiriye kongera inguni yemeza ko imbaho za PV zakira izuba ryinshi.
Byongeye kandi, byagaragaye ko igishushanyo mbonera gihamye (ubusanzwe gishyizwe hafi yuburebure bwa latitude) nacyo ni uburyo bwiza cyane muburyo bumwe na bumwe bwakoreshwa mubikorwa, kuko byoroshya uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho kandi buracyatanga ingufu zitanga ingufu zihamye mubihe byinshi byikirere.
Uburebure bwo hejuru
Mu gishushanyo cya sisitemu yo hejuru ya PV, uburebure bwo hejuru bwibibaho bya PV (ni ukuvuga intera iri hagati yimbaho za PV nigisenge) nabwo ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumikorere yabyo. Uburebure bukwiye bwongera umwuka wa panne ya PV kandi bugabanya kwirundanya ubushyuhe, bityo bikazamura imikorere yubushyuhe bwa sisitemu. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko iyo intera iri hagati yimbaho za PV nigisenge cyiyongereye, sisitemu irashobora kugabanya neza izamuka ryubushyuhe bityo bikazamura imikorere.
Ingaruka zo guhumeka:
3. Mugihe hatabayeho uburebure buhagije bwo hejuru, panne ya PV irashobora guhura nigabanuka ryimikorere kubera ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bukabije buzagabanya uburyo bwo guhindura imikorere ya PV ndetse birashobora no kugabanya ubuzima bwabo bwa serivisi.
4. Kwiyongera k'uburebure buhagaze bifasha kuzamura urujya n'uruza munsi ya panne ya PV, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa sisitemu no gukomeza gukora neza.
Ariko, kwiyongera k'uburebure bwo hejuru bisobanura kandi amafaranga menshi yo kubaka hamwe nibisabwa umwanya munini. Kubwibyo, guhitamo uburebure bukwiye bwo hejuru bigomba kuringanizwa ukurikije imiterere yikirere cyaho hamwe nigishushanyo cyihariye cya sisitemu ya PV.
Ubushakashatsi hamwe nisesengura ryamakuru
Ubushakashatsi buherutse bwerekanye ibisubizo byuburyo bunoze bwo kugerageza ukoresheje uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza inguni no hejuru. Mu kwigana no gusesengura amakuru nyayo yaturutse mu turere twinshi, abashakashatsi bashoje:
5. Impagarike nziza ihanamye: muri rusange, inguni nziza yo kugorora igisenge cya PV iri murwego rwo kongeramo cyangwa gukuramo dogere 15 za dogere yaho. Guhindura byihariye bitezimbere ukurikije ibihe byigihe.
6. Uburebure bwiza bwo hejuru: kuri sisitemu nyinshi zo hejuru ya PV, uburebure bwiza bwo hejuru buri hagati ya santimetero 10 na 20. Uburebure buri hejuru cyane bushobora gutuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera, mugihe hejuru cyane ubutumburuke bushobora kongera amafaranga yo gushiraho no kubungabunga.
Umwanzuro
Hamwe nogukomeza gutera imbere kwikoranabuhanga ryizuba, uburyo bwo kongera ingufu za sisitemu ya PV byabaye ikibazo cyingenzi. Inzira nziza ihengamye hamwe n'uburebure bwo hejuru bwa sisitemu yo hejuru ya PV yatanzwe mubushakashatsi bushya itanga ibisubizo byuburyo bwiza bifasha kurushaho kunoza imikorere rusange ya sisitemu ya PV. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe niterambere ryibishushanyo mbonera byikoranabuhanga hamwe nikoranabuhanga rinini ryamakuru, biteganijwe ko tuzashobora kugera ku mikoreshereze myiza ya PV ikoreshwa neza kandi yubukungu binyuze mubishushanyo mbonera kandi byihariye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-13-2025